These clues strengthen the hypothesis that low genetic diversity together with low reproductive success contributed to the disappearance of Neanderthals. It confirms that these ancient hominins exhibited very little genetic diversity, and that they may have been susceptible to haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) - due to maternofetal Rh incompatibility - in cases where Neanderthal mothers were carrying the children of Homo sapiens or Denisovan mates. Do these two individuals bear testimony to interbreeding of Neanderthals and modern humans before the migration of the latter into Southeast Asia?įinally, this study sheds light on Neanderthal demographics. AB positive blood type is known as the universal recipient because AB positive patients can receive red blood cells from all blood types. The eight Rh types and their corresponding genotypes, faking into account genes. Extensive analysis covering other blood group systems turned up alleles that argue in favour of African origins for Neanderthals and Denisovans.Įspecially surprising is the discovery that the Neanderthals harboured a unique Rh allele absent in modern humans - with the notable exceptions of one Aboriginal Australian and one Papuan. 4s shown in Table 3, when all 8 allelic genes are taken into account.
#AB NEGATIVE BLOOD TYPE ORIGINS FULL#
While it was long thought that Neanderthals were all type O - just as chimpanzees are all type A and gorillas all type B - the researchers demonstrated that these ancient hominins already displayed the full range of ABO variability observed in modern humans. The findings bolster previous hypotheses but also offer new surprises. Of the 40-some known blood group systems, the team concentrated on the seven usually considered for blood transfusion purposes, the most common of which are the ABO (determining the A, B, AB, and O blood types) and Rh systems. In a new study, scientists from the CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, and the French Blood Establishment (EFS) have examined the previously sequenced genomes of one Denisovan and three Neanderthal females who lived 100,000 to 40,000 years ago, in order to identify their blood groups and consider what they may reveal about human's evolutionary history. These studies were done using serological methods (antibodies), which recognize the ABO molecules. to 4 th century ( Forensic Science International, 43: 113-124, 1989).
Yet blood group systems were the first markers used by anthropologists to reconstruct the origins of hominin populations, their migrations, and their interbreeding. AB blood type has been reported in skeletal remains that are approximately 1,600-2,000 years old ( Am. Though a foreign antigen could cause the body to attack, there are no antigens present in type O blood, so theres nothing to attack. These folks can also donate to A, B, and AB blood types. Despite prior sequencing of about 15 Neanderthal and Denisovan individuals, the study of the genes underlying blood groups had hitherto been neglected. Because O- is Rh-negative, it can be given to people with both positive blood types and negative blood types.
The extinct hominin lineages of the Neanderthals and Denisovans were present throughout Eurasia from 300,000 to 40,000 years ago.
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